Kashmiri Carpets

Why in News
•    Ongoing geopolitical tensions in West Asia have led to the cancellation/postponement of major international carpet exhibitions in China, Denmark, and UAE. 
•    Experts highlight that this has negatively impacted export prospects and tourism-linked sales of Kashmiri carpets.
Kashmiri Carpets
Kashmiri carpets are globally renowned for being handmade and hand-knotted, distinguishing them from tufted carpets. 
•    Carpet weaving in Kashmir was introduced in the late 15th century by Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (Budshah), who brought Persian artisans. 
•    The craft reflects a blend of Persian techniques and local traditions. 
Historical Development
•    The industry expanded through royal patronage and establishment of karkhanas (workshops). 
•    It declined during Afghan and Sikh rule but revived during the Mughal period, especially under Jahangir. 
•    Experts suggest that exposure to international markets increased after display at the Crystal Palace Exhibition in London (18th century). 
•    The industry faced setbacks during economic recessions and Partition, but revived in the late 20th century with government support.
Key Features of Kashmiri Carpets
•    Kashmiri carpets are hand-knotted, not machine-made or tufted. 
•    Quality is determined by the number of knots per square inch, indicating durability and intricacy. 
•    High-quality carpets (especially silk) may have 500–9000 knots per square inch. 
•    Materials used include pure wool, silk (especially mulberry silk), or blends in lower-quality variants. 
•    Production is labour-intensive, often taking 8–10 months for a single carpet. 
Economic Significance
•    Around 80,000 people are associated with the carpet industry in Kashmir. 
•    Exports have shown fluctuations, with a decline from ₹357 crore (2022–23) to ₹260.70 crore (2024–25). 
•    Experts highlight that the sector is highly dependent on global exhibitions, exports, and tourism demand.
Challenges
•    Geopolitical tensions affecting global trade and exhibitions. 
•    Declining export trends in recent years. 
•    Dependence on tourism for domestic sales. 
•    Labour-intensive nature leading to higher costs and competition from machine-made carpets.
Way Forward
•    Experts suggest diversification of export markets to reduce geopolitical risks. 
•    Strengthening branding and GI-based promotion can enhance global demand. 
•    Technological integration in marketing (e-commerce) can reduce dependence on exhibitions. 
•    Policy support and skill preservation are essential for sustaining the traditional craft.